The evolution and genetic basis of a functionally critical skull bone, the parasphenoid, among Lake Malawi cichlids
2024

The Genetic Basis of Skull Bone Shape in Cichlids

Sample size: 65 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Conith Andrew J, Pascarella Sarah M, Hope Sylvie A, Albertson R Craig

Primary Institution: DePaul University

Hypothesis

Tropheops from shallower environments will exhibit different shaped parasphenoid bones compared to those from deep environments.

Conclusion

The study found that the shape of the parasphenoid bone in cichlids varies significantly between species living in deep versus shallow habitats, influenced by natural selection.

Supporting Evidence

  • Cichlid fishes have undergone multiple adaptive radiations in East Africa.
  • The shape of the parasphenoid bone is linked to feeding efficiency in different habitats.
  • Genetic mapping identified two genomic regions associated with parasphenoid shape variation.
  • Natural selection drives morphological differences in cichlid populations based on habitat depth.

Takeaway

Cichlid fish have different shapes of a bone in their skull depending on whether they live in deep or shallow water, which helps them eat better in their specific environments.

Methodology

The study involved collecting cichlid specimens, performing genetic mapping, and analyzing the shape of the parasphenoid bone using 3D imaging and morphometric analysis.

Potential Biases

Potential biases may arise from the selection of species and habitats studied, as well as the methods used for genetic mapping.

Limitations

The study's findings may not be generalizable to all cichlid species or other fish due to the specific focus on Tropheops and the limited sample size.

Participant Demographics

The study focused on 65 individuals from the Tropheops species complex collected from Lake Malawi.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.001

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1093/evolinnean/kzae039

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