Incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury in children with nephrotic syndrome: a meta-analysis
2024

Acute Kidney Injury in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

Sample size: 2784 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Chen Changdi, Qiu Bingbing, Wang Jianxin, Yang Liuqing, Huang Yanru

Primary Institution: Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China

Hypothesis

What are the incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury in children with nephrotic syndrome?

Conclusion

The study found that various factors, including age of onset, sex, serum albumin levels, and the presence of infections and hypertension, are significantly associated with the incidence of acute kidney injury in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Supporting Evidence

  • The overall incidence of acute kidney injury in children with nephrotic syndrome was found to be 29%.
  • Age of onset of nephrotic syndrome was significantly associated with the risk of acute kidney injury.
  • Sex distribution showed a higher incidence of acute kidney injury in boys compared to girls.
  • Lower serum albumin levels were significantly associated with acute kidney injury.
  • Infection was found to significantly increase the risk of acute kidney injury.
  • Hypertension was also significantly associated with the incidence of acute kidney injury.
  • The use of nephrotoxic drugs was linked to a higher incidence of acute kidney injury.

Takeaway

This study looked at kids with a kidney problem called nephrotic syndrome and found that many of them can get a serious kidney injury. Some things, like being older or having certain infections, can make this more likely.

Methodology

A meta-analysis was conducted by reviewing studies from various databases, focusing on children with nephrotic syndrome and analyzing factors associated with acute kidney injury.

Potential Biases

Potential publication bias was noted, particularly regarding the association between infections and acute kidney injury.

Limitations

The study faced limitations such as high heterogeneity among included studies, reliance on observational data, and a lack of causal inference due to the nature of the data.

Participant Demographics

The studies included children primarily from Asia, with a total of 2,784 participants, of which 813 had acute kidney injury.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p=0.009

Confidence Interval

95% CI: 23%–37%

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.3389/fped.2024.1452568

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