A case-control study to assess the relationship between poverty and visual impairment from cataract in Kenya, the Philippines, and Bangladesh
2008

Poverty and Cataract: A Study in Kenya, the Philippines, and Bangladesh

Sample size: 1131 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Hannah Kuper, Sarah Polack, Cristina Eusebio, Wanjiku Mathenge, Zakia Wadud, Allen Foster

Primary Institution: International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

Hypothesis

What is the association between visual impairment from cataract and poverty in adults in Kenya, Bangladesh, and the Philippines?

Conclusion

People with visual impairment due to cataract were poorer than those with normal sight in all three low-income countries studied.

Supporting Evidence

  • Cases were more likely to be in the lowest quartile of per capita expenditure compared to controls.
  • Severe cataract-induced visual impairment was more common in those who owned fewer assets.
  • Self-rated wealth was significantly lower for households with a case compared to control households.

Takeaway

This study found that people who can't see well because of cataracts are often very poor, especially in countries like Kenya, Bangladesh, and the Philippines.

Methodology

A population-based case-control study was conducted with 596 cases and 535 controls, assessing household expenditure, asset ownership, and self-rated wealth.

Potential Biases

Potential bias in self-reported wealth and expenditure data.

Limitations

The study does not prove that poverty causes visual impairment, as financial circumstances were assessed after cataracts had impaired sight.

Participant Demographics

Participants were adults aged 50 and older from Kenya, Bangladesh, and the Philippines.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.05

Confidence Interval

95% CI 0.9–5.5 for Kenya, 1.1–3.2 for Bangladesh, 1.7–5.7 for the Philippines

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pmed.0050244

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