Characterization and assessment of hydrogen leakage mechanisms in salt caverns
2025

Hydrogen Leakage in Salt Caverns

publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Mojtaba Ghaedi, Raoof Gholami

Primary Institution: University of Stavanger

Hypothesis

How does hydrogen leak from salt caverns into surrounding formations?

Conclusion

After 30 years of cyclic storage, only 0.36% of the maximum hydrogen storage capacity leaked into the surrounding formation.

Supporting Evidence

  • The cumulative hydrogen leakage after 30 years of cyclic storage was only 0.36% of the maximum storage capacity.
  • Most of the leaked hydrogen would flow back into the salt cavern when the pressure in the cavern is lower than the surrounding pressure.
  • At low storage pressure, diffusion was the most important mechanism for hydrogen transport, while at high pressure, viscous flow became predominant.

Takeaway

This study looks at how hydrogen can escape from underground salt caverns, and it found that very little actually leaks out over time.

Methodology

The study used a unified gas flow model to evaluate hydrogen flow and leakage mechanisms in salt caverns.

Limitations

The study primarily focused on a single model and did not explore all possible geological variations.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1038/s41598-024-84505-x

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