Immunization Coverage and Risk Factors in Kenya
Author Information
Author(s): Ndiritu Moses, Cowgill Karen D, Ismail Amina, Chiphatsi Salome, Kamau Tatu, Fegan Gregory, Feikin Daniel R, Newton Charles RJC, Scott J Anthony G
Primary Institution: Wellcome Trust/Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research – Coast, Kilifi, Kenya
Hypothesis
What are the immunization coverage rates and risk factors for failure to immunize in Kilifi district, Kenya after the introduction of new vaccines?
Conclusion
Vaccine coverage was high before and after the introduction of the pentavalent vaccine, but most doses were given late, with coverage limited by seasonal factors and family size.
Supporting Evidence
- Immunization coverage for three DTP and pentavalent doses was 100% before and 91% after pentavalent vaccine introduction.
- The median age at first, second, and third vaccine doses was 8, 13, and 18 weeks, respectively.
- Immunization rate ratios were reduced with every kilometer of distance from home to vaccine clinic.
Takeaway
In Kenya, many kids are getting their vaccines, but they are often late, especially if they come from bigger families or during rainy seasons.
Methodology
The study used WHO cluster-sample surveys and a simple random sample survey to estimate immunization coverage and analyze factors affecting vaccination.
Potential Biases
Potential recall bias from mothers regarding vaccination history.
Limitations
The study may have underestimated coverage due to reliance on mothers' recall data and incomplete vaccine card retention.
Participant Demographics
Children aged 9–23 months, with a median age of 460 days; 52% were male.
Statistical Information
P-Value
p<0.001
Confidence Interval
95% CI 95–100
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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