Bacillus anthracis Peptidoglycan Stimulates an Inflammatory Response in Monocytes through the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway
2008

Bacillus anthracis Peptidoglycan and Inflammatory Response in Monocytes

publication Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Langer Marybeth, Malykhin Alexander, Maeda Kenichiro, Chakrabarty Kaushik, Williamson Kelly S., Feasley Christa L., West Christopher M., Metcalf Jordan P., Coggeshall K. Mark

Primary Institution: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation

Hypothesis

The peptidoglycan component of B. anthracis may play a critical role in morbidity and mortality associated with inhalation anthrax.

Conclusion

B. anthracis peptidoglycan stimulates a proinflammatory response in monocytes through the p38 MAP kinase pathway.

Supporting Evidence

  • B. anthracis peptidoglycan was shown to stimulate TNFα production in monocytes.
  • The inflammatory response was mediated through the p38 MAP kinase pathway.
  • Monocytes were identified as the primary source of TNFα in response to B. anthracis peptidoglycan.

Takeaway

The peptidoglycan from the bacteria that cause anthrax makes certain immune cells called monocytes produce a chemical that causes inflammation, which can lead to severe illness.

Methodology

The study involved purifying B. anthracis peptidoglycan and stimulating human peripheral blood cells to measure cytokine production.

Statistical Information

P-Value

<0.001

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0003706

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