Widowhood and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis
2011

The Impact of Widowhood on Mortality

Sample size: 2263888 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Moon J. Robin, Kondo Naoki, Glymour M. Maria, Subramanian S. V.

Primary Institution: Harvard School of Public Health

Hypothesis

Does widowhood increase the risk of mortality compared to being married?

Conclusion

The study found a significant association between widowhood and increased mortality risk, particularly in the first six months after bereavement.

Supporting Evidence

  • The widowhood effect was stronger in the first six months after bereavement.
  • Men showed a higher relative risk of mortality compared to women after losing a spouse.
  • Age did not significantly affect the widowhood effect on mortality.

Takeaway

When someone loses their spouse, they are more likely to die sooner than if they were still married, especially in the months right after the loss.

Methodology

A random-effects meta-analysis of 15 longitudinal studies was conducted to assess the relationship between widowhood and mortality.

Potential Biases

The analysis is vulnerable to biases in the original studies, particularly regarding socioeconomic controls.

Limitations

The studies included had limited controls for socioeconomic factors and co-morbidities, which may affect the results.

Participant Demographics

The studies included diverse populations, primarily focusing on elderly individuals.

Statistical Information

P-Value

<0.0001

Confidence Interval

95% CI: 1.10, 1.15

Statistical Significance

p<0.0001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0023465

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