Disease and the Extended Phenotype: Parasites Control Host Performance and Survival through Induced Changes in Body Plan
2011

Parasites Change Frog Bodies and Survival

Sample size: 1388 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Brett A. Goodman, Pieter T. J. Johnson

Primary Institution: University of Colorado, Boulder

Hypothesis

Malformations caused by the trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae will reduce host performance and survival in amphibians.

Conclusion

Parasite-induced malformations significantly impair the performance and survival of amphibian hosts.

Supporting Evidence

  • Malformed frogs had 41% shorter jumping distances and 37% slower swimming speeds compared to normal frogs.
  • Malformed frogs exhibited 22% lower biweekly survival in natural populations.
  • Malformations affected approximately 50% of metamorphosing frogs in nature.

Takeaway

Parasites can change how frogs look and move, making it harder for them to survive and find food.

Methodology

The study combined laboratory performance trials with a capture-mark-recapture study of Pacific chorus frogs to assess the effects of parasite-induced malformations.

Potential Biases

Potential confounding factors from using wild-caught frogs instead of experimentally infected individuals.

Limitations

The study may not account for all environmental factors affecting frog survival and performance.

Participant Demographics

Pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) collected from two ponds in California.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.001

Confidence Interval

95% CI 0.57 to 0.72

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0020193

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