Enhanced Inhibitory Effect of Ultra-Fine Granules of Red Ginseng on LPS-induced Cytokine Expression in the Monocyte-Derived Macrophage THP-1 Cells
2008

Enhanced Effects of Ultra-Fine Granules of Red Ginseng on Inflammation

publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Lee Hyoung-Cheol, Vinodhkumar Radhakrishnan, Yoon Jang W., Park Seong-Kyu, Lee Chang-Won, Kim Hong-Yeoul

Primary Institution: Kyung Hee University

Hypothesis

The physical modification of red ginseng into ultra-fine granules enhances its medicinal effects.

Conclusion

Ultra-fine granules of red ginseng showed a significantly greater inhibitory effect on cytokine expression compared to normal-sized granules.

Supporting Evidence

  • Ultra-fine granules of red ginseng had about 2-fold higher amounts of ginsenosides than normal-sized granules.
  • The URG-treated THP-1 cells showed a significant reduction in cytokine expression compared to RG-treated cells.
  • The average size of URG was approximately 3.5 μm, while RG was about 127 μm.

Takeaway

This study found that smaller pieces of red ginseng work better to reduce inflammation in cells than larger pieces.

Methodology

The study used high-pressure liquid chromatography and quantitative RT-PCR to analyze the effects of ultra-fine granules of red ginseng on cytokine expression in THP-1 cells.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.05

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.3390/ijms9081379

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