Early head injury and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: retrospective cohort study
2008

Head Injury and ADHD in Young Children

Sample size: 62088 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Keenan Heather T, Hall Gillian C, Marshall Stephen W

Primary Institution: University of Utah

Hypothesis

Medically attended head injury in young children may be causal in the later development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Conclusion

Medically attended head injury before age 2 does not seem to be causal in the development of ADHD, but may be a marker for subsequent diagnosis.

Supporting Evidence

  • Children with head injuries were diagnosed with ADHD at a younger median age than those with burn injuries.
  • The risk of ADHD diagnosis was similar for children with head injuries and those with burn injuries.
  • Injured children were more likely to be male and from more deprived backgrounds.

Takeaway

If a young child has a head injury, it doesn't mean they will definitely have ADHD later; it might just be a sign of other issues.

Methodology

Retrospective cohort study using a longitudinal UK general practice dataset.

Potential Biases

Possible underdiagnosis or misdiagnosis of ADHD due to lack of formal psychiatric evaluation.

Limitations

Lack of detail about the seriousness of the injury event and potential bias in ADHD diagnosis.

Participant Demographics

Children registered in the health improvement network database from birth until their 10th birthday.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.05

Confidence Interval

1.5 to 2.5

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1136/bmj.a1984

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