Elevated Blood Lead Concentrations and Vitamin D Deficiency in Winter and Summer in Young Urban Children
2007

Blood Lead and Vitamin D Levels in Urban Children

Sample size: 142 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Francis W. Kemp, Neti Prasad V.S.V., Roger W. Howell, Peter Wenger, Donald B. Louria, John D. Bogden

Primary Institution: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–New Jersey Medical School

Hypothesis

The study investigates the relationship between seasonal variations in blood lead concentrations and vitamin D levels in young urban children.

Conclusion

The study found that higher summertime vitamin D levels in children aged 4-8 may contribute to increased blood lead concentrations.

Supporting Evidence

  • Blood lead concentrations increased by 32.4% in children aged 1-3 years from winter to summer.
  • None of the Hispanic children had elevated blood lead levels in winter, while 12.2% of African-American children did.
  • Vitamin D levels increased significantly in children aged 4-8 years during summer.

Takeaway

In summer, kids aged 4-8 have more vitamin D, which might make their blood lead levels go up. But younger kids don't show the same pattern.

Methodology

Paired blood samples were collected from children in winter and summer to analyze blood lead and serum vitamin D levels.

Potential Biases

Potential bias due to the specific demographic of WIC participants, which may not reflect the broader population.

Limitations

The study may not represent children from families not participating in WIC, and the associations found may not imply causation.

Participant Demographics

142 young, urban African-American and Hispanic children aged 1-8 years.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p = 0.0019 for blood lead increase in children 1-3 years; p < 0.0001 for serum 25-OH-D increase in children 4-8 years.

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1289/ehp.9389

Want to read the original?

Access the complete publication on the publisher's website

View Original Publication