Global farm animal production and global warming: impacting and mitigating climate change
2008

Beef Production and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Avery Alex, Avery Dennis

Primary Institution: Hudson Institute, Center for Global Food Issues

Hypothesis

Switching to organic livestock production will significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Conclusion

Switching to organic beef production may actually increase greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional methods.

Supporting Evidence

  • Organic beef production in Sweden emits 22.3 kg of CO2-equivalent GHG emissions per kilogram of beef.
  • Conventional beef production in the U.S. results in only 22 kg of CO2-equivalent GHG emissions per kilogram of beef.
  • A large-scale shift to organic beef production could increase overall GHG emissions by nearly 60% per pound of beef produced.
  • Grass-finishing cattle is at least three times less land efficient compared to grain-finishing cattle.

Takeaway

The study shows that organic beef might not be better for the environment than regular beef, and could even be worse.

Methodology

The study involved life cycle analyses comparing greenhouse gas emissions from different beef production systems.

Potential Biases

Potential bias due to funding from the beef industry.

Limitations

The analysis may not account for all variables affecting greenhouse gas emissions.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1289/ehp.11716

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