Low Vitamin D Levels in Young Adults in Toronto
Author Information
Author(s): Gozdzik Agnes, Barta Jodi Lynn, Wu Hongyu, Wagner Dennis, Cole David E, Vieth Reinhold, Whiting Susan, Parra Esteban J
Primary Institution: University of Toronto
Hypothesis
What is the vitamin D status and intake of young Canadian adults of diverse ancestry during winter months?
Conclusion
Low vitamin D levels are more prevalent in young healthy adults than previously reported, especially among those of non-European ancestry.
Supporting Evidence
- 93% of the sample had serum 25(OH)D levels below 75 nmol/L.
- 74% of participants had vitamin D levels below 50 nmol/L.
- Only the European group had a mean vitamin D intake exceeding the recommended 200 IU/day.
Takeaway
Many young adults in Toronto don't get enough vitamin D during winter, especially those with darker skin.
Methodology
Participants were tested for serum 25(OH)D concentrations, skin pigmentation, and dietary vitamin D intake using a food diary.
Potential Biases
The study primarily included university students and employees, which may not represent the broader community.
Limitations
The sample may not reflect the general population of young people in Canada and did not explore seasonal variation in vitamin D levels.
Participant Demographics
107 participants (58 females, 49 males) aged 18-30 from diverse ancestries.
Statistical Information
P-Value
p < 0.001
Statistical Significance
p < 0.001
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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