Finding emergence in data by maximizing effective information
2024

Finding Emergence in Data Using Machine Learning

Sample size: 830 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Yang Mingzhe, Wang Zhipeng, Liu Kaiwei, Rong Yingqi, Yuan Bing, Zhang Jiang

Primary Institution: Beijing Normal University

Hypothesis

Can a machine learning framework effectively quantify causal emergence and model macro-dynamics in complex systems?

Conclusion

The proposed machine learning framework successfully quantifies causal emergence and models macro-dynamics, demonstrating improved generalization across diverse conditions.

Supporting Evidence

  • The framework effectively captures emergent dynamics from both simulated and real data.
  • NIS+ shows superior generalization capabilities compared to alternative approaches.
  • Experiments demonstrate the ability to quantify causal emergence under various conditions.
  • NIS+ outperforms other models in multi-step predictions and pattern capturing.
  • Real fMRI data analysis indicates that NIS+ can learn and simulate complex brain dynamics.

Takeaway

This study shows how a computer program can learn to find patterns in complex data, like how a group of birds moves together or how our brains react to movies.

Methodology

The study introduces a machine learning framework called NIS+ that maximizes effective information to learn macro-dynamics and quantify causal emergence from data.

Potential Biases

Potential overfitting when using complex models with many parameters.

Limitations

The framework requires a large amount of training data, which may not be feasible in many real-world cases, and the interpretability of the neural networks remains a challenge.

Participant Demographics

830 subjects from fMRI studies, including various demographics watching the same movie clip.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1093/nsr/nwae279

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