Vitamin D Levels Among Jordanians: Factors Affecting Status
Author Information
Author(s): Mallah Eyad M, Hamad Mohammad F, ElManaseer Mays A, Qinna Nidal A, Idkaidek Nasir M, Arafat Tawfiq A, Matalka Khalid Z
Primary Institution: Petra University, Amman, Jordan
Hypothesis
What biological and habitual factors affect vitamin D status among Jordanians?
Conclusion
Females wearing Hijab or Niqab have very low plasma vitamin D levels due to limited sun exposure, and many males and Western-dressed females also have insufficient levels.
Supporting Evidence
- Average plasma 25(OH)D levels were 44.5 nmol/l in males and 31.1 nmol/l in females.
- 76% of males and 90% of Western style females had 25(OH)D levels below the recommended 50 nmol/l.
- Dairy consumption was a significant positive factor for vitamin D status in males.
Takeaway
This study found that many people in Jordan, especially women who cover their skin, don't get enough vitamin D from the sun or their diet.
Methodology
A cross-sectional study measuring plasma 25(OH)D and calcium levels in 300 healthy volunteers, with a questionnaire on demographics and dietary habits.
Potential Biases
Potential bias in self-reported dietary habits and dress styles.
Limitations
The study may not account for all environmental and genetic factors affecting vitamin D levels.
Participant Demographics
66.3% females and 33.7% males, with females categorized by dress style: Western, Hijab, and Niqab.
Statistical Information
P-Value
p<0.001
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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