Antiviral efficacy of heparan sulfate and enoxaparin sodium against SARS‐CoV‐2
2025

Antiviral Effects of Heparan Sulfate and Enoxaparin Against SARS-CoV-2

publication Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Virginia Fuochi, Salvatore Furnari, Giuseppe Floresta, Vincenzo Patamia, Chiara Zagni, Filippo Drago, Antonio Rescifina, Pio Maria Furneri

Primary Institution: University of Catania

Hypothesis

Heparan sulfate and enoxaparin can inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells.

Conclusion

Heparan sulfate and enoxaparin effectively inhibit the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells, suggesting their potential as antiviral agents.

Supporting Evidence

  • Heparan sulfate showed minimal cytotoxic effects on A549 cells.
  • Enoxaparin exhibited cytotoxicity at higher concentrations but was safe at lower doses.
  • Both substances significantly inhibited viral entry in various treatment scenarios.

Takeaway

This study shows that two substances, heparan sulfate and enoxaparin, can help stop the COVID-19 virus from getting into our cells.

Methodology

The study used in-vitro assays to evaluate the antiviral activity of heparan sulfate and enoxaparin against SARS-CoV-2, including cytotoxicity tests and viral entry assays.

Limitations

The study primarily focused on in-vitro results, which may not fully translate to in-vivo efficacy.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.0001

Statistical Significance

p<0.0001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1002/ardp.202400545

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