How Many Species Are There on Earth and in the Ocean?
2011

Estimating the Number of Species on Earth and in the Ocean

Sample size: 1200000 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Mora Camilo, Tittensor Derek P., Adl Sina, Simpson Alastair G. B., Worm Boris

Primary Institution: Dalhousie University

Hypothesis

Can the total number of species on Earth and in the ocean be estimated using higher taxonomic classification patterns?

Conclusion

The study predicts approximately 8.7 million eukaryotic species globally, with a significant portion still undescribed.

Supporting Evidence

  • The study predicts ∼8.7 million eukaryotic species globally.
  • Approximately 86% of existing species on Earth remain undescribed.
  • About 91% of marine species are still awaiting description.
  • The method used was validated against well-known taxa.
  • The approach allows for predictions across all domains of life.

Takeaway

Scientists think there are about 8.7 million different kinds of living things on Earth, but most of them haven't been discovered yet.

Methodology

The study used higher taxonomic classification patterns to estimate the total number of species by fitting asymptotic regression models to the temporal accumulation curves of higher taxa.

Potential Biases

Estimates may be biased due to reliance on expert opinions and the incomplete nature of taxonomic inventories.

Limitations

The estimates are conservative and may not account for all undiscovered higher taxa, particularly in prokaryotes.

Participant Demographics

The study compiled data from various publicly accessible sources, including expert opinions from taxonomists.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.05

Confidence Interval

±1.3 million SE

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127

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