Central and peripheral mechanisms of narcotic antitussives: codeine-sensitive and -resistant coughs
2007

Understanding Coughs and Narcotic Antitussives

publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Takahama Kazuo, Shirasaki Tetsuya

Primary Institution: Kumamoto University

Hypothesis

Coughs mediated by mechanical stimulation of RARs or 'cough receptors' are attenuated by narcotic antitussives primarily at the NTS level via inhibition of glutamatergic transmission.

Conclusion

Narcotic antitussives like codeine are effective for some coughs but not for those mediated by neurokinin-containing nociceptive nerves.

Supporting Evidence

  • Narcotic antitussives primarily act on μ-opioid receptors in the central nervous system.
  • Chronic coughs are often resistant to treatment with codeine.
  • Certain coughs, such as those caused by neurokinins, do not respond well to narcotic antitussives.

Takeaway

Some coughs can be treated with medicine like codeine, but others, especially those caused by certain nerve types, don't respond well to it.

Methodology

The review discusses mechanisms of antitussive effects of narcotic antitussives using experimental animal studies.

Potential Biases

Potential bias due to reliance on specific animal models and limited evidence for some claims.

Limitations

The study primarily relies on animal models, which may not fully represent human cough mechanisms.

Participant Demographics

Guinea pigs were primarily used in the studies discussed.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.05

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1186/1745-9974-3-8

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