Association of Human TLR1 and TLR6 Deficiency with Altered Immune Responses to BCG Vaccination in South African Infants
2011

TLR1 and TLR6 Variants Affect Immune Response to BCG Vaccine in Infants

Sample size: 480 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Randhawa April Kaur, Shey Muki S., Keyser Alana, Peixoto Blas, Wells Richard D., de Kock Marwou, Lerumo Lesedi, Hughes Jane, Hussey Gregory, Hawkridge Anthony, Kaplan Gilla, Hanekom Willem A., Hawn Thomas R.

Primary Institution: University of Cape Town, South Africa

Hypothesis

Toll-like receptor (TLR) variation is associated with altered in vivo immune responses to BCG.

Conclusion

The study found that specific TLR polymorphisms are associated with increased production of immune response cytokines after BCG vaccination in infants.

Supporting Evidence

  • TLR6_C745T polymorphism was associated with increased IFN-γ production in both discovery and validation cohorts.
  • TLR1_T1805G was associated with increased IFN-γ production in the combined dataset.
  • TLR6_G1083C was associated with increased IL-2 production.
  • TLR1_A1188T was associated with increased IFN-γ and IL-2 production.

Takeaway

Some babies respond better to a tuberculosis vaccine because of their genes, which help their immune system work better.

Methodology

The study examined T cell cytokine responses in whole blood from infants vaccinated with BCG, analyzing genetic polymorphisms in TLR pathways.

Potential Biases

Potential confounding factors such as environmental mycobacterial exposure were minimized by controlling the study population.

Limitations

The study's cytokine response measurement was not antigen-specific and did not identify the cellular source of cytokine production.

Participant Demographics

Healthy South African infants, predominantly of mixed ancestry, vaccinated with BCG at birth.

Statistical Information

P-Value

0.001

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.ppat.1002174

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