Diet and Bladder Cancer Risk in Male Smokers
Author Information
Author(s): Michaud D S, Pietinen P, Taylor P R, Virtanen M, Virtamo J, Albanes D
Primary Institution: National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
Hypothesis
Is there a relationship between dietary intakes of fruits, vegetables, carotenoids, and vitamins A, E, and C and the risk of bladder cancer among male smokers?
Conclusion
The study found no association between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of bladder cancer among male smokers.
Supporting Evidence
- 344 men developed bladder cancer during the study.
- Consumption of fruits and vegetables was not associated with bladder cancer risk.
- Intakes of vitamins A, C, E, and carotenoids were not related to bladder cancer risk.
Takeaway
Eating fruits and vegetables doesn't seem to help prevent bladder cancer in men who smoke.
Methodology
The study followed 27,111 male smokers over 11 years, using dietary questionnaires and Cox proportional hazards models to analyze the data.
Potential Biases
Potential confounding by smoking status and occupational exposures.
Limitations
Results may not be generalizable to non-smokers, and the study relied on self-reported dietary intake.
Participant Demographics
Male smokers aged 50-69 years.
Statistical Information
Confidence Interval
95% CI: 0.89–1.84
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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