Climate Warming, Marine Protected Areas and the Ocean-Scale Integrity of Coral Reef Ecosystems
2008

Impact of Climate Change on Coral Reefs and Fish Communities

Sample size: 66 publication 10 minutes Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Graham Nicholas A. J., McClanahan Tim R., MacNeil M. Aaron, Wilson Shaun K., Polunin Nicholas V. C., Jennings Simon, Chabanet Pascale, Clark Susan, Spalding Mark D., Letourneur Yves, Bigot Lionel, Galzin René, Öhman Marcus C., Garpe Kajsa C., Edwards Alasdair J., Sheppard Charles R. C.

Primary Institution: School of Marine Science & Technology, Newcastle University

Hypothesis

How does climate change affect coral reef ecosystems and associated fish communities?

Conclusion

Coral reef ecosystems have lost integrity due to climate change, but the effects vary by location and management practices.

Supporting Evidence

  • Coral cover declined by 45% in the Indian Ocean due to the 1998 bleaching event.
  • Fish communities showed significant changes in size structure and diversity following coral declines.
  • Marine protected areas did not significantly enhance recovery from large-scale disturbances.

Takeaway

Coral reefs are getting hurt by climate change, which also affects the fish living there, but some areas are doing better than others.

Methodology

The study used Bayesian meta-analysis to assess coral cover and fish community changes across 66 sites in the Indian Ocean.

Potential Biases

Potential publication bias was mitigated by including all relevant studies from the mid-1990s.

Limitations

The study did not account for disturbances after the 1998 coral bleaching event and relied on data from a single time point.

Participant Demographics

The study included data from 7 countries across the Indian Ocean.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.001

Confidence Interval

95% confidence limits

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0003039

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