Why the gaze behavior of expert physicians and novice medical students differ during a simulated medical interview: A mixed methods study
2025

Differences in Gaze Behavior Between Expert Physicians and Novice Medical Students

Sample size: 17 publication 20 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Yamada Rie, Xu Kuangzhe, Kondo Satoshi, Fujimoto Makoto

Primary Institution: University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan

Hypothesis

How does gaze behavior toward patients differ between expert physicians and novice medical students?

Conclusion

Experts looked at the simulated patient’s eyes less frequently than novices, indicating different motivations behind their gaze behavior.

Supporting Evidence

  • Experts looked at the patient's eyes less frequently than novices during the simulated medical interview.
  • Novices focused more on eye contact to improve patient satisfaction.
  • Experts recognized that looking into patients' eyes could cause discomfort.

Takeaway

Doctors and medical students look at patients differently; experienced doctors often avoid looking directly into patients' eyes to make them feel comfortable, while students focus more on eye contact to build a connection.

Methodology

The study used a mixed methods design, combining quantitative eye-tracking data with qualitative interviews to assess gaze behavior during simulated medical interviews.

Potential Biases

Participants may have altered their behavior knowing they were being observed in a simulated environment.

Limitations

The study used only one simulated patient, which may not represent the variability in real clinical settings.

Participant Demographics

8 expert physicians (mean age 51.9 years) and 9 novice medical students (mean age 27.6 years).

Statistical Information

P-Value

30.533

Confidence Interval

0.702–70.703

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0315405

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