Betel quid chewing as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study
2001
Betel quid chewing and liver cancer risk
Sample size: 263
publication
Evidence: high
Author Information
Author(s): Tsai J F, Chuang L Y, Jeng J E, Ho M S, Hsieh M Y, Lin Z Y, Wang L Y
Primary Institution: Kaohsiung Medical University College of Medicine
Hypothesis
Is betel quid chewing a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma?
Conclusion
Betel quid chewing is an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, especially when combined with hepatitis infections.
Supporting Evidence
- Betel quid chewing has an odds ratio of 3.49 for HCC.
- Hepatitis B surface antigen has an odds ratio of 16.69 for HCC.
- Antibodies to hepatitis C virus have an odds ratio of 38.57 for HCC.
- Less than 10 years of education has an odds ratio of 1.71 for HCC.
- Risk of HCC increases with the duration and amount of betel quid consumed.
Takeaway
Chewing betel quid can make you more likely to get liver cancer, especially if you also have hepatitis.
Methodology
A case-control study with 263 pairs of HCC patients and healthy controls, using structured interviews and serum tests.
Participant Demographics
Age- and sex-matched pairs of HCC patients and healthy controls.
Statistical Information
P-Value
< 0.0001
Confidence Interval
95% CI, 1.74–6.96
Statistical Significance
p<0.0001
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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