Behavior, Color Change and Time for Sexual Inversion in the Protogynous Grouper (Epinephelus adscensionis)
2011

Color Change and Time for Sex Change in Rock Hind

Sample size: 68 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Kline Richard J., Khan Izhar A., Holt G. Joan

Primary Institution: Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin

Hypothesis

What are the social structure and color change mechanisms in rock hind groupers?

Conclusion

Rock hind can display a temporary 'tuxedo' color pattern within 32 days after the removal of a dominant male, indicating a rapid behavioral and physiological response.

Supporting Evidence

  • Rock hind social group size ranged from five to nine individuals.
  • The male to female sex ratio was found to be 1:6.4.
  • Color changes were observed to occur rapidly, within three seconds.
  • Females displayed male-specific coloration within 32 days after male removal.
  • All sampled males were confirmed by gonadal histology.

Takeaway

Rock hind fish can change their color quickly to show off and defend their territory, and females can turn into males in about a month after the dominant male is gone.

Methodology

Field observations and captive experiments were conducted to study social behavior and color changes in rock hind.

Potential Biases

Potential bias due to the artificial conditions of captive experiments and the selection of fish from specific habitats.

Limitations

The study was limited to observations from specific oil platform locations and may not represent all rock hind populations.

Participant Demographics

68 rock hind sampled, including 46 females, 19 males, and 3 intersex individuals.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.001

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0019576

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