Effects of Kallidin and Bradykinin on Nasal Symptoms
Author Information
Author(s): K. Rajakulasingam, A L. C. K. Lau, R. Polosa, M. K. Church, S. T. Holgate, P. H. Howarth
Primary Institution: Immunopharmacology Group, Centre Block, Southampton General Hospital
Hypothesis
How do kallidin and bradykinin affect nasal airflow and symptoms in healthy volunteers?
Conclusion
Kallidin and bradykinin both significantly increase nasal airways resistance and induce nasal symptoms, while [des-arg9]-bradykinin has no effect.
Supporting Evidence
- Both bradykinin and kallidin caused a dose-dependent increase in nasal airways resistance.
- Bradykinin reached a maximum increase of 71.4% above baseline at 15 minutes.
- Kallidin increased nasal airways resistance by a median maximum of 57.1% at 20 minutes.
- Both substances induced significant increases in nasal lavage albumin and total protein levels.
- Neither [des-arg9]-bradykinin nor vehicle produced significant changes in nasal airways resistance.
Takeaway
This study shows that two substances, kallidin and bradykinin, can make your nose feel stuffy and cause other symptoms like sneezing and runny nose.
Methodology
The study involved nasal challenges with bradykinin, kallidin, and [des-arg9]-bradykinin in a double-blind, crossover design with healthy volunteers.
Limitations
The study was conducted on a small sample size of healthy volunteers, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
Participant Demographics
Eight non-rhinitic, non-atopic healthy volunteers (six males and two females) with a mean age of 29 years.
Statistical Information
P-Value
p<0.01 for NAR increase with bradykinin and kallidin
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
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