Significant Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on Global Gene Expression in Brain Tissues of Patients with HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
2011

Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy on Brain Gene Expression in HIV Patients

Sample size: 15 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Borjabad Alejandra, Morgello Susan, Chao Wei, Kim Seon-Young, Brooks Andrew I., Murray Jacinta, Potash Mary Jane, Volsky David J.

Primary Institution: Molecular Virology Division, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center and Columbia University

Hypothesis

The study investigates how antiretroviral therapy (ART) affects gene expression in the brains of patients with HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND).

Conclusion

Antiretroviral therapy significantly reduces dysregulated gene expression in the brains of patients with HAND, but some genes remain persistently dysregulated.

Supporting Evidence

  • Patients on ART had 83% to 93% fewer dysregulated genes compared to untreated patients.
  • Brain transcriptomes from treated patients clustered with HIV-1-negative controls.
  • Despite treatment, a core of about 100 genes remained dysregulated in both treated and untreated patients.

Takeaway

This study shows that while HIV treatment helps the brain, some problems still stay even after taking medicine.

Methodology

The study used genome-wide microarray analysis, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry on brain tissues from treated and untreated HAND patients.

Potential Biases

Potential bias due to the small sample size and the retrospective nature of the study.

Limitations

The study is limited by the retrospective nature of the brain tissue analysis and the inability to assess longitudinal changes in the same individuals.

Participant Demographics

Participants included 15 HIV-1-infected patients with HAND, with varying treatment histories and demographics.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.05

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.ppat.1002213

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