Pesticide mixtures, endocrine disruption, and amphibian declines: are we underestimating the impact?
2006
Chemical Mixtures: Hayes Responds
Sample size: 1350
publication
Evidence: moderate
Author Information
Author(s): Tyrone B. Hayes
Primary Institution: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley
Conclusion
The study shows that examining individual pesticides does not reveal the true effects of low-dose chronic exposure to pesticide mixtures on amphibians.
Supporting Evidence
- Most chemicals examined had no significant effects alone, but combined they did.
- The study emphasizes the need for empirical evidence from well-designed experiments.
- Single pesticide assessments may underestimate the impact of pesticide mixtures.
Takeaway
The study found that looking at pesticides one by one doesn't show how they really affect frogs when mixed together.
Methodology
The study examined the effects of nine pesticides alone and in mixtures on leopard frog larvae, assessing various developmental parameters.
Limitations
The study did not assess concentration additivity or response additivity directly.
Participant Demographics
Leopard frog (Rana pipiens) larvae were used in the study.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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