Risk Factors for Cervical Neoplasia
Author Information
Author(s): Kjellberg L, Hallmans G, Åhren A-M, Johansson R, Bergman F, Wadell G, Ångström T, Dillner J
Primary Institution: University Hospital of Northern Sweden, Umeå
Hypothesis
Are smoking, diet, pregnancy, and oral contraceptive use independent risk factors for cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in relation to HPV infection?
Conclusion
Smoking is the most significant environmental risk factor for cervical neoplasia after accounting for HPV.
Supporting Evidence
- Smoking was associated with CIN 2–3 with an odds ratio of 2.6.
- The effect of smoking on cervical neoplasia was dose-dependent.
- Prolonged oral contraceptive use lost significance after adjusting for HPV.
- Pregnancy was identified as a risk factor in the multivariate analysis.
Takeaway
This study found that smoking is a major risk factor for cervical problems, even when considering HPV.
Methodology
A population-based case-control study with 137 women with high-grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and 253 healthy women, using questionnaires and HPV testing.
Participant Demographics
Women from Västerbotten county, Northern Sweden, aged matched.
Statistical Information
P-Value
P<0.0001; P=0.002
Confidence Interval
95% CI 1.7–4.0
Statistical Significance
p<0.0001
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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