Understanding Gynecomastia: Causes and Treatments
Author Information
Author(s): Carol J. Singer-Granick, Mark S. Granick
Primary Institution: New Jersey Medical School – UMDNJ
Hypothesis
The review aims to present the complex underlying pathophysiology of gynecomastia.
Conclusion
A thorough history and physical examination are often sufficient for diagnosis, and laboratory tests can help rule out significant underlying conditions.
Supporting Evidence
- Gynecomastia can occur in boys and men of all ages, with high prevalence in infancy and adolescence.
- Transient gynecomastia occurs in 60% to 90% of male infants due to high estrogen levels during pregnancy.
- Pubertal gynecomastia peaks at 14 years of age with a prevalence of nearly 65%.
- Most cases of gynecomastia resolve within 1 to 3 years without treatment.
Takeaway
Gynecomastia is when boys or men develop breast tissue, and it can happen for many reasons. Doctors can usually figure out why it happens by asking questions and doing some tests.
Methodology
The review is based on over 20 years of clinical experience and a review of the English-language literature.
Limitations
The interpretation of laboratory tests can be difficult in children and adolescents.
Participant Demographics
The review discusses gynecomastia in boys and men of all ages, particularly in infants, adolescents, and older men.
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