Impact of Lifestyle and Menstrual Function on Bone Health in Female Cadets
Author Information
Author(s): Jamie A Ruffing, Jeri W Nieves, Marsha Zion, Susan Tendy, Patricia Garrett, Robert Lindsay, Felicia Cosman
Primary Institution: Clinical Research and Regional Bone Centers, Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, NY, USA
Hypothesis
The study aims to determine how menstrual irregularity, oral contraceptive use, and other lifestyle factors influence bone mineral density and size in female military cadets.
Conclusion
Oral contraceptive use and menstrual irregularity were linked to lower bone mineral density and size in fit, college-aged women.
Supporting Evidence
- Women with regular menstrual cycles had higher bone mineral density at all sites compared to those with irregular cycles.
- Oral contraceptive users had lower bone mineral density in the spine and calcaneus.
- Prior exercise and milk intake were positively related to bone density and size.
- Women with a history of fractures had higher bone mineral density.
- Calcium intake was assessed and found to be adequate in the population studied.
Takeaway
This study found that women who have regular menstrual cycles and do not use birth control pills tend to have stronger bones.
Methodology
The study used surveys to collect data on menstrual history, oral contraceptive use, exercise, and nutrition, and measured bone density using DXA and pQCT.
Potential Biases
Potential bias due to self-reported data and the cross-sectional nature of the study.
Limitations
The study's dietary assessment was limited, and the population was very fit, which may affect the generalizability of the results.
Participant Demographics
Participants were 135 college-aged women, primarily Caucasian, with a mean age of 18.4 years.
Statistical Information
P-Value
p<0.02
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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