Tandem Versus Single Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for High‐Risk Multiple Myeloma in the Era of Novel Agents: A Real‐World Study of China
2025

Comparing Tandem and Single Stem Cell Transplants for High-Risk Multiple Myeloma

Sample size: 112 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Dou Xuelin, Ren Juan, Li Jiangtao, Liu Xiaodan, Bao Li, Chen Yuan, Zhao Peng, Zhong Yuping, Peng Nan, Wen Lei, Cao Leqing, Liu Yang, Deng Daoxing, Wang Fengrong, Wang Liru, Liu Hui, Huang Xiaojun, Mo Xiaodong, Lu Jin

Primary Institution: Peking University People's Hospital

Hypothesis

This study compares the efficacy and safety of single autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) versus tandem ASCT for multiple myeloma (MM) patients in the era of novel agents.

Conclusion

Tandem ASCT demonstrated improved outcomes compared to single ASCT in high-risk MM patients receiving triplet or quadruplet induction and maintenance therapy.

Supporting Evidence

  • The tandem ASCT cohort showed a trend of better 3-year probability of progression-free survival (PFS) compared to the single ASCT cohort.
  • The 3-year cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality was 0% for single ASCT and 7.3% for tandem ASCT.
  • Patients with ultra high-risk cytogenetics may require innovative therapeutic approaches as tandem ASCT does not overcome their adverse prognosis.

Takeaway

This study looked at two types of stem cell transplants for patients with a serious blood cancer called multiple myeloma. It found that doing two transplants in a row might help patients do better than just one.

Methodology

This is a multicenter, retrospective cohort study that included 112 high-risk MM patients who received either single or tandem ASCT.

Potential Biases

The study may have biases due to its retrospective design and variations in treatment regimens across different centers.

Limitations

The study is limited by its retrospective nature, relatively small population, and the heterogeneity of induction and maintenance regimens.

Participant Demographics

The median age of patients was 55 years, with a majority categorized as high-risk based on specific clinical criteria.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p=0.039

Confidence Interval

95% CI: 0.29, 0.62

Statistical Significance

p=0.039

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1002/cam4.70573

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