Income-Based Poverty and Material Hardship Predict Reduced Cognitive Performance in Older American Adults
2024

Income-Based Poverty and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults

Sample size: 10974 publication Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Daniel George, Williams Cedric, Lawrence Aneesah, Buckley Kiera, Leonard Delaney, Bernal Darren, Bailey Olivia, Mwendwa Denee

Primary Institution: Howard University

Hypothesis

Income-based poverty and material hardship negatively impact cognitive functioning in older American adults.

Conclusion

Income-based poverty and material hardship are significant predictors of poorer cognitive performance, especially among Black and female participants.

Supporting Evidence

  • Income-based poverty was the strongest predictor of poorer cognitive functioning.
  • The relationship between poverty and cognitive performance was stronger in Black and female participants.
  • Indicators of material hardship also predicted poorer cognitive functioning.

Takeaway

If older people don't have enough money or face hardships, they might not think as clearly. This study shows that having less money can really hurt how well they can think.

Methodology

Participants completed sociodemographic and neuropsychological assessments, and linear regression was used to analyze the impact of income-based poverty and material hardship on cognitive functioning.

Potential Biases

Potential biases may arise from self-reported data on income and cognitive assessments.

Limitations

The study primarily focused on income-based measures of SES and may not capture all dimensions of socioeconomic status.

Participant Demographics

Mean age was 74 years; 15% Black, 10% Hispanic, and 58% female.

Statistical Information

P-Value

<0.001

Statistical Significance

p<0.001

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1093/geroni/igae098.4221

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