Association between chronic diseases and severe periodontal disease progression: A retrospective cohort study in a city of Japan
2025

Chronic Diseases and Severe Periodontal Disease Progression

Sample size: 28846 publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Nin Sayaka MD, Sun Yu MD, PhD, Maeno Takami MD, PhD, Nishiura Chihiro MD, PhD, Taira Kento DDS, PhD, Fujimoto Kenji PhD, Hamano Jun MD, PhD, Ozone Sachiko MD, PhD, Maeno Tetsuhiro MD, PhD

Primary Institution: University of Tsukuba

Hypothesis

This study aimed to investigate the association between the progression of severe periodontal disease and common chronic diseases using claims data.

Conclusion

Patients with diabetes mellitus had a high risk of severe periodontal disease progression, suggesting that proactive dental visits should be recommended to prevent severe periodontal disease.

Supporting Evidence

  • Among 28,846 participants, 1035 (3.6%) progressed to severe periodontal disease.
  • Only diabetes mellitus was significantly associated with severe periodontal disease progression.
  • The hazard ratio for diabetes mellitus was 1.26, indicating a higher risk.

Takeaway

People with diabetes are more likely to have serious gum disease, so they should see the dentist regularly to keep their teeth healthy.

Methodology

This retrospective cohort study used linked medical, dental, and pharmacy claims data from a local municipality in Japan, following participants aged 40–70 years for 4 years.

Potential Biases

Potential biases include the inability to verify chronic disease status and the exclusion of patients who did not visit a dentist.

Limitations

The study had limitations including reliance on ICD-10 codes for chronic conditions, lack of data on dental visits, and being conducted in a single municipality.

Participant Demographics

Participants were aged 40-70 years, with a mix of chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

Statistical Information

P-Value

0.008

Confidence Interval

1.08–1.53

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1002/jgf2.734

Want to read the original?

Access the complete publication on the publisher's website

View Original Publication