Detection and Molecular Characterization of 9000-Year-Old Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a Neolithic Settlement in the Eastern Mediterranean
2008

9000-Year-Old Mycobacterium tuberculosis Found in Ancient Settlement

Sample size: 2 publication Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Hershkovitz Israel, Donoghue Helen D., Minnikin David E., Besra Gurdyal S., Lee Oona Y-C., Gernaey Angela M., Galili Ehud, Eshed Vered, Greenblatt Charles L., Lemma Eshetu, Bar-Gal Gila Kahila, Spigelman Mark

Primary Institution: Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel

Hypothesis

Can ancient human remains provide evidence of tuberculosis and its relationship with early agricultural societies?

Conclusion

The study confirmed the presence of tuberculosis in a Neolithic population, suggesting a long-term co-existence of humans and the pathogen.

Supporting Evidence

  • DNA from five M. tuberculosis genetic loci was detected in the ancient bones.
  • High performance liquid chromatography confirmed the presence of mycolic acid lipid biomarkers specific for M. tuberculosis.
  • The findings suggest that tuberculosis existed in human populations long before modern medicine.

Takeaway

Scientists found signs of tuberculosis in the bones of a woman and an infant who lived 9000 years ago, showing that the disease has been around for a very long time.

Methodology

Conventional PCR and high performance liquid chromatography were used to analyze bone samples for M. tuberculosis DNA and lipid biomarkers.

Potential Biases

There may be risks of bias due to the reliance on specific molecular techniques that could yield false positives.

Limitations

The study's findings may be limited by the preservation state of the ancient DNA and potential contamination during analysis.

Participant Demographics

The study focused on skeletal remains of a woman and an infant from a Neolithic settlement.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0003426

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