Risk Factors for Hospitalized Seasonal Influenza in Rural Western Kenya
Author Information
Author(s): Ope Maurice O., Katz Mark A., Aura Barrack, Gikunju Stella, Njenga M. Kariuki, Ng'ang'a Zipporah, Vulule John, Breiman Robert F., Feikin Daniel R.
Primary Institution: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya
Hypothesis
What are the risk factors for hospitalized seasonal influenza among persons in rural western Kenya, particularly in relation to HIV infection?
Conclusion
People with HIV infection and chronic lung disease were at increased risk of hospitalized influenza in rural Kenya.
Supporting Evidence
- HIV-infection was associated with hospitalization due to influenza with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.56.
- Chronic lung disease was also associated with influenza hospitalization with an adjusted odds ratio of 6.83.
- 24.5% of cases were HIV-infected compared to 12.5% of controls.
Takeaway
This study found that people with HIV and chronic lung problems are more likely to be hospitalized for the flu in Kenya.
Methodology
A case-control study was conducted with hospitalized patients and matched controls, using structured questionnaires and HIV testing.
Potential Biases
Potential selection bias in control selection and recall bias in reporting exposures.
Limitations
Recall bias may have affected the accuracy of reported exposures, and not all hospitalized patients met the screening criteria.
Participant Demographics
Median age of participants was 16 years, with a range from 5 to 69 years; 24.5% of cases were HIV-positive.
Statistical Information
P-Value
0.004
Confidence Interval
95% CI 1.25–10.1
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Want to read the original?
Access the complete publication on the publisher's website