Oesophageal Cancer in Women: Factors Affecting Risk
Author Information
Author(s): Gallus S, Bosetti C, Franceschi S, Levi F, Simonato L, Negri E, Vecchia C La
Primary Institution: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”
Hypothesis
What are the effects of tobacco, alcohol, nutritional, and hormonal factors on oesophageal cancer in women?
Conclusion
Heavy smoking and alcohol consumption significantly increase the risk of oesophageal cancer in women, while higher fruit and vegetable intake, as well as the use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy, are associated with a lower risk.
Supporting Evidence
- Heavy smoking has a multivariate odds ratio of 4.5 for oesophageal cancer.
- Heavy alcohol drinking has a multivariate odds ratio of 5.4 for oesophageal cancer.
- Fruit and vegetable intake are inversely related to oesophageal cancer risk.
- Oral contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy use are inversely related to oesophageal cancer risk.
Takeaway
Women who smoke a lot or drink a lot of alcohol are more likely to get oesophageal cancer, but eating fruits and vegetables and using certain medications can help lower that risk.
Methodology
Analysis of 3 case-control studies from Italy and Switzerland.
Participant Demographics
114 women with squamous cell oesophageal cancer and 425 controls.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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