A HISTORY OF ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE: SEGREGATION AND AIR POLLUTION IN 1940 AND 2010 IN THE UNITED STATES
2024

Environmental Injustice: Segregation and Air Pollution in the U.S.

publication

Author Information

Author(s): Shearston Jenni, Shan Xiaorong, Henneman Lucas, Mobley Taylor, Mayeda Elizabeth Rose, Morello-Frosch Rachel, Casey Joan

Primary Institution: University of California Berkeley

Hypothesis

There are historical changes in the relationship between air pollution and segregation in the United States from 1940 to 2010.

Conclusion

The study found that air pollution is inequitably distributed, with minoritized groups facing greater exposure and health effects, and that historical segregation impacts current pollution levels.

Supporting Evidence

  • Mean county-level segregation decreased from 1940 to 2010 for both rural and urban counties.
  • In 1940, higher segregation was associated with more oil/gas wells and lower gasoline consumption in rural counties.
  • By 2010, fewer powerplants and lower gasoline consumption were found in counties with less segregation.

Takeaway

This study shows that pollution affects different racial groups unfairly, and understanding the past helps us see how things have changed over time.

Methodology

The study compared county-level air pollution and segregation using Census data and various pollution sources, applying non-linear generalized additive models.

Statistical Information

Confidence Interval

95% confidence interval: -0.23, -0.07

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1093/geroni/igae098.1754

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