Smoking, Alcohol, and Dietary Choices in Portugal
Author Information
Author(s): Padrão Patrícia, Lunet Nuno, Santos Ana Cristina, Barros Henrique
Primary Institution: University of Porto
Hypothesis
Do smoking status and dietary choices correlate in the Portuguese population?
Conclusion
Smokers in Portugal consume more alcohol and fewer healthy foods compared to non-smokers.
Supporting Evidence
- Heavy smokers consume significantly less vegetable soup, vegetables, and fruit compared to non-smokers.
- Smokers reported higher intakes of all alcoholic beverages analyzed.
- Consumption of healthy foods decreases as the number of cigarettes smoked increases.
Takeaway
People who smoke tend to drink more alcohol and eat less healthy food like fruits and vegetables.
Methodology
Data from the third Portuguese National Health Survey was analyzed using multi-stage random probability design and logistic regression models.
Potential Biases
Self-reported dietary habits may be influenced by personal characteristics, leading to potential misclassification.
Limitations
The study used generic food classifications and lacked detailed dietary intake measures, which may affect the accuracy of the findings.
Participant Demographics
The sample included 20,302 women and 17,923 men, all older than 19 years, from various regions of Portugal.
Statistical Information
P-Value
<0.001
Confidence Interval
95% CI: 0.54–0.68
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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