How Francisella tularensis Changes to Avoid the Immune System
Author Information
Author(s): Zarrella Tiffany M., Singh Anju, Bitsaktsis Constantine, Rahman Tabassum, Sahay Bikash, Feustel Paul J., Gosselin Edmund J., Sellati Timothy J., Hazlett Karsten R. O.
Primary Institution: Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
Hypothesis
Host-adaptation of Francisella tularensis alters its surface carbohydrates to evade immune recognition.
Conclusion
F. tularensis undergoes host-adaptation which includes production of multiple capsular materials that hinder immune recognition.
Supporting Evidence
- Host-adapted F. tularensis produces more OAg capsule and binds less antibody directed against outer membrane constituents.
- The presence of high molecular weight carbohydrates in host-adapted bacteria reduces antibody binding.
- Host-adapted bacteria show reduced activation of macrophages and complement deposition.
Takeaway
The bacteria that cause tularemia can change their outer layer to hide from the body's defenses, making it harder for the immune system to fight them off.
Methodology
The study used SDS-PAGE and carbohydrate analysis to examine the surface carbohydrates of F. tularensis grown under different conditions.
Limitations
The study primarily focused on in vitro conditions, which may not fully replicate in vivo environments.
Statistical Information
P-Value
p<0.05
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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