Absorption and Metabolism of Xanthophylls
Author Information
Author(s): Kotake-Nara Eiichi, Nagao Akihiko
Primary Institution: National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
Hypothesis
The selective absorption of carotenoids may be caused by uptake to the intestinal epithelia by facilitated diffusion and an unknown excretion to intestinal lumen.
Conclusion
The study suggests that the intestinal absorption of xanthophylls is strictly selective in humans compared to mice, and that enzymatic oxidation of xanthophylls occurs as a common metabolic pathway in mammals.
Supporting Evidence
- Only six major carotenoids have been found in human plasma despite the ingestion of over forty carotenoids.
- Carotenoids must be solubilized in digestive fluid before absorption can occur.
- Fucoxanthin and neoxanthin showed the highest inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells among the tested carotenoids.
- Bioaccessibility of carotenoids is influenced by food matrix, processing, and cooking methods.
- Facilitated diffusion may play a role in the selective absorption of carotenoids in humans.
Takeaway
This study looks at how our bodies absorb and process certain nutrients called xanthophylls, which are found in foods like green vegetables and algae. It finds that our bodies are very picky about which of these nutrients we absorb.
Methodology
The paper reviews recent advances in the absorption and metabolism of xanthophylls, including studies on their bioaccessibility and uptake in human and animal models.
Limitations
The study does not provide direct evidence of xanthophyll absorption in humans and relies on animal studies and in vitro experiments.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
Want to read the original?
Access the complete publication on the publisher's website