High glucose promotes macrophage switching to the M1 phenotype via the downregulation of STAT-3 mediated autophagy
2024

High glucose and macrophage switching to M1 phenotype

Sample size: 12 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Zhao Yu, Jiang Yuteng, Wang Fengmei, Sun Li, Ding Mengyuan, Zhang Liyuan, Wu Beibei, Zhang Xiaoliang

Primary Institution: Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China

Hypothesis

Does high glucose induce macrophages to switch to the M1 phenotype via downregulation of STAT-3-mediated autophagy?

Conclusion

High glucose promotes macrophage switching to the M1 phenotype via the downregulation of STAT-3-mediated autophagy.

Supporting Evidence

  • In DKD, macrophages exhibit an M1 phenotype.
  • Under high-glucose conditions, RAW264.7 macrophages switched to the M1 phenotype.
  • Autophagy was downregulated in high glucose–induced M1 macrophages.
  • Both the STAT-3 activator and the autophagy activator promoted the transition of glucose-induced M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages.
  • STAT-3 activation increased the expression of autophagy markers (LC3 and Beclin-1).

Takeaway

When there's too much sugar, certain immune cells called macrophages change to a type that causes inflammation, which can be bad for the kidneys.

Methodology

The study used diabetic kidney disease model rats and RAW264.7 cells to analyze the effects of high glucose on macrophage phenotype and autophagy.

Limitations

The study primarily focused on in vitro and animal models, which may not fully represent human conditions.

Participant Demographics

Healthy male Sprague–Dawley rats were used in the study.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.05

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1371/journal.pone.0314974

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