Link Between Proteus Urinary Tract Infection and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Author Information
Author(s): Alan Ebringer, Taha Rashid
Primary Institution: School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Kings College London
Hypothesis
Sub-clinical Proteus urinary tract infections are the main triggering factors for rheumatoid arthritis.
Conclusion
There is compelling evidence linking Proteus microbes to rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting that anti-Proteus measures could benefit patients.
Supporting Evidence
- Patients with RA have higher levels of antibodies against Proteus than healthy controls.
- Recurrent urinary tract infections are more common in RA patients.
- Vegetarian diets in RA patients lead to decreased anti-Proteus antibody levels.
- Proteus mirabilis is frequently isolated from the urine of RA patients.
Takeaway
Rheumatoid arthritis might be caused by infections from a germ called Proteus, and treating these infections could help people feel better.
Methodology
Various microbial, immunological, and molecular studies were conducted to establish the link between Proteus and RA.
Potential Biases
Potential bias from the reliance on serological studies and the interpretation of microbial presence.
Limitations
The study relies on evidence from various independent studies, which may vary in methodology and results.
Participant Demographics
Mainly women in middle and old age, with a prevalence rate of 0.5 to 1%.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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