Understanding Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Author Information
Author(s): Popescu Alexandra, Kao Amy H
Primary Institution: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Hypothesis
The pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) involves various inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies, and immune complexes.
Conclusion
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus is complex and requires multimodal management due to its diverse manifestations.
Supporting Evidence
- NPSLE affects 14% to over 80% in adults and 22% to 95% in children.
- Cognitive impairment is one of the most common manifestations of NPSLE.
- Elevated serum levels of IFN-α correlate with disease activity and severity in SLE patients.
- Antiphospholipid antibodies are associated with increased cognitive impairment in lupus patients.
- Neuroimaging studies show that 40%–80% of NPSLE patients have multiple discrete lesions in the brain.
Takeaway
Neuropsychiatric lupus is when the brain gets hurt because of lupus, and it can make people feel sad, confused, or have headaches. Doctors use different medicines to help.
Methodology
This review discusses the pathophysiology, treatment, and potential therapies for neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Limitations
The management of NPSLE is challenging due to the broad spectrum of manifestations and limitations in diagnostic testing.
Participant Demographics
SLE predominantly affects women of child-bearing age, with higher prevalence in African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians.
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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