Molecular Mechanism of Indoor Exposure to Airborne Halogenated Flame Retardants TCIPP (Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-Propyl) Phosphate) and TCEP Tris(2-chloroethyl) Phosphate and Their Hazardous Effects on Biological Systems
2024

Toxic Effects of Flame Retardants TCIPP and TCEP

publication Evidence: high

Author Information

Author(s): Alharbi Albatul, Alhujaily Muhanad, Sun Yu

Primary Institution: Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia

Hypothesis

What are the toxicological mechanisms and effects of TCIPP and TCEP on biological systems?

Conclusion

TCIPP and TCEP pose significant health risks through various toxicological mechanisms, including oxidative stress and endocrine disruption.

Supporting Evidence

  • TCIPP and TCEP are found in many consumer products and can be harmful through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact.
  • These compounds can cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption.
  • Research indicates that TCIPP and TCEP can lead to neurotoxicity and potential carcinogenic effects.

Takeaway

TCIPP and TCEP are chemicals used to prevent fires, but they can harm our health and the environment in many ways.

Methodology

The review summarizes toxicological effects of TCIPP and TCEP using in vitro and in vivo studies, omics technologies, and computational modeling.

Limitations

Knowledge gaps remain regarding the precise metabolic pathways and toxicological properties of specific metabolites.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.3390/metabo14120697

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