HPV and Cervical Cancer Risk Factors in Costa Rica
Author Information
Author(s): Hildesheim A, Herrero R, Castle P E, Wacholder S, Bratti M C, Sherman M E, Lorincz A T, Burk R D, Morales J, Rodriguez A C, Helgesen K, Alfaro M, Hutchinson M, Balmaceda I, Greenberg M, Schiffman M
Primary Institution: Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
Hypothesis
What factors are associated with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer among HPV-infected women?
Conclusion
Multiparity and smoking are identified as risk factors for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer among HPV-positive women.
Supporting Evidence
- The risk of HSIL/CA increased with the number of live births.
- Women who smoked 6 or more cigarettes a day had a significantly higher risk of HSIL/CA.
- Current use of barrier contraceptives was associated with a reduced risk of HSIL/CA.
- Oral contraceptive use was linked to HSIL/CA among women with fewer than 3 pregnancies.
- 44% of HSIL/CA cases among high-risk HPV-positive women could be attributed to multiparity and/or smoking.
Takeaway
Having many children and smoking can increase the risk of cervical cancer for women who have HPV.
Methodology
A prevalent case–control study comparing HPV-positive women with and without high-grade lesions or cancer.
Participant Demographics
Women in Costa Rica, specifically those infected with HPV.
Statistical Information
P-Value
0.04
Confidence Interval
95% CI = 1.1–6.7
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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