Smoking and Hip Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women
Author Information
Author(s): Denison Anne V, Jenkins Marjorie R
Primary Institution: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
Hypothesis
Does cigarette smoking increase the risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women living in Northwest Texas?
Conclusion
Former and current smoking increased the risk of hip fracture in this population of postmenopausal women.
Supporting Evidence
- Former smokers had an adjusted odds ratio of 2.27 for hip fracture risk.
- Current smokers had an adjusted odds ratio of 3.72 for hip fracture risk.
- Women living in rural counties had an adjusted odds ratio of 2.71 for hip fracture risk.
Takeaway
Women who smoke are more likely to break their hips as they get older, especially if they are postmenopausal.
Methodology
An unmatched case-control study design was used to compare postmenopausal women with and without hip fractures, assessing smoking status and other risk factors.
Potential Biases
Potential selection bias due to differences in healthcare access and treatment choices between rural and urban women.
Limitations
Selection bias may have affected the results due to migration for care and differences in healthcare access between rural and urban populations.
Participant Demographics
Postmenopausal women aged 50 and older from rural and urban areas of Northwest Texas.
Statistical Information
Confidence Interval
95% CI, 1.22–4.21 for former smokers; 95% CI, 1.59–8.70 for current smokers.
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
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