Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Trace Element Levels and Pregnancy Outcomes in Nigerian Women
Author Information
Author(s): Ugwuja Emmanuel I., Akubugwo Emmanuel I., Ibiam Udu A., Obidoa Onyechi
Primary Institution: Ebonyi State University
Hypothesis
Maternal socioeconomic status impacts plasma trace element status and pregnancy outcomes.
Conclusion
The study found that lower plasma iron and zinc levels were significantly higher in women from socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, affecting maternal and fetal health outcomes.
Supporting Evidence
- Lower plasma iron and zinc levels were significantly higher in women from socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
- Adverse maternal health and fetal outcomes were more prevalent in socioeconomically disadvantaged women.
- Women with higher education levels had better trace element status.
Takeaway
This study shows that women who have less money and education may not get enough important nutrients during pregnancy, which can make them and their babies less healthy.
Methodology
The study followed 349 pregnant women, aged 15-40 years, measuring plasma levels of copper, iron, and zinc, and recording maternal and fetal outcomes.
Potential Biases
Potential bias due to self-reported sociodemographic data and the exclusion of certain groups.
Limitations
The study had a small sample size and excluded women with chronic diseases or multiple pregnancies.
Participant Demographics
Pregnant women aged 15-40 years, primarily from a subsistence-level farming background.
Statistical Information
P-Value
p<0.05
Statistical Significance
p<0.05
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