Stress as a Potential Modifier of the Impact of Lead Levels on Blood Pressure: The Normative Aging Study
2007

Stress and Lead Exposure's Impact on Blood Pressure

Sample size: 513 publication 10 minutes Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Junenette L. Peters, Laura Kubzansky, Eileen McNeely, Joel Schwartz, Avron Spiro III, David Sparrow, Robert O. Wright, Huiling Nie, Howard Hu

Primary Institution: Harvard School of Public Health

Hypothesis

Older men reporting high stress would have a steeper dose response to the effect of bone lead on baseline hypertension status and blood pressure compared with subjects reporting low stress.

Conclusion

The study found that the effect of lead on hypertension is most pronounced among highly stressed individuals.

Supporting Evidence

  • Lead exposure and psychological stress have been independently associated with hypertension.
  • High stress modified the effect of tibia lead on the risk of developing hypertension.
  • Those reporting high stress had 2.66 times the risk of developing hypertension per standard deviation increase in tibia lead.

Takeaway

This study shows that stress can make the harmful effects of lead on blood pressure worse, especially in older men.

Methodology

The study evaluated the modifying effect of stress on lead exposure on baseline hypertension status and blood pressure using cross-sectional and prospective analyses.

Potential Biases

Residual confounding remains possible, and other important variables may not have been considered.

Limitations

The study may have limited generalizability due to its predominantly male and white cohort.

Participant Demographics

The mean age of participants was 66.9 years, and the cohort was predominantly male and white.

Statistical Information

P-Value

p<0.05

Confidence Interval

95% CI, 1.43–4.95

Statistical Significance

p<0.05

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1289/ehp.10002

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