Outbreak of Pneumonia in the Setting of Fatal Pneumococcal Meningitis among US Army Trainees: Potential Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection
2011

Pneumonia Outbreak in US Army Trainees Linked to Chlamydia pneumoniae

Sample size: 303 publication Evidence: moderate

Author Information

Author(s): Dawood Fatimah S, Ambrose John F, Russell Bruce P, Hawksworth Anthony W, Winchell Jonas M, Glass Nina, Thurman Kathleen, Soltis Michele A, McDonough Erin, Warner Agnes K, Weston Emily, Clemmons Nakia S, Rosen Jennifer, Mitchell Stephanie L, Faix Dennis J, Blair Patrick J, Moore Matthew R, Lowery John

Primary Institution: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Hypothesis

Could Chlamydia pneumoniae infection be contributing to pneumonia outbreaks among military trainees?

Conclusion

The outbreak of pneumonia among military trainees may have been influenced by both S. pneumoniae and C. pneumoniae infections.

Supporting Evidence

  • 15% of trainees in Alpha Company were colonized with pneumococcus.
  • C. pneumoniae was identified in 31% of specimens from symptomatic trainees.
  • The average weekly attack rate of pneumonia was significantly higher in Alpha Company compared to other companies.

Takeaway

Some soldiers got really sick with pneumonia, and doctors found two germs that might have made them sick. They think both germs could be causing the problem.

Methodology

The study involved reviewing medical records, conducting surveys, and collecting nasal swabs from trainees.

Potential Biases

Potential bias due to reliance on diagnostic tests performed by treating clinicians without systematic testing.

Limitations

The investigation began after most pneumonia cases had occurred, limiting the ability to systematically identify the outbreak's etiology.

Participant Demographics

The median age of participants was 22 years, with a majority being male (96% in Alpha Company).

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

10.1186/1471-2334-11-157

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