Global Burden of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (1990–2021)
Author Information
Author(s): Leary Peter J, Lindstrom Megan, Johnson Catherine O, Emmons-Bell Sophia, Rich Stuart, Corris Paul A, DuBrock Hilary M, Ventetuolo Corey E, Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abdelmasseh Michael, Aboagye Richard Gyan, Abualruz Hasan, Abu-Gharbieh Eman, Aburuz Salahdein, Adamu Lawan Hassan, Adão Rui, Addo Isaac Yeboah, Adedoyin Rufus Adesoji, Adetunji Juliana Bunmi, Adzigbli Leticia Akua, Ahinkorah Bright Opoku, Ahmad Firdos, Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud, Ahmed Ayman, Ahmed Haroon, Ahmed Syed Anees, Akhlaghi Shiva, Akkaif Mohammed Ahmed, Al Awaidy Salah, Alalalmeh Samer O, Albakri Almaza, Aldawsari Khalifah A, Almahmeed Wael, Alshahrani Najim Z, Altaf Awais, Aly Hany, Alzoubi Karem H, Al-Zyoud Walid Adnan, Amani Reza, Amusa Ganiyu Adeniyi, Andrei Catalina Liliana, Anwar Saleha, Anyasodor Anayochukwu Edward, Aravkin Aleksandr Y, Areda Demelash, Asmerom Haftu Asmerom, Aujayeb Avinash, Azzam Ahmed Y., Babu Abraham Samuel, Bagherieh Sara, Baltatu Ovidiu Constantin, Barqawi Hiba Jawdat, Bastan Mohammad-Mahdi, Batra Kavita, Bayleyegn Nebiyou Simegnew, Behnoush Amir Hossein, Bhalla Jaideep Singh, Bhaskar Sonu, Bhat Vivek, Bitaraf Saeid, Bitra Veera R, Boloor Archith, Braithwaite Dejana, Brauer Michael, Bulto Lemma N, Bustanji Yasser, Chattu Vijay Kumar, Chi Gerald, Chichagi Fatemeh, Chong Bryan, Chowdhury Rajiv, Cindi Zinhle, Cruz-Martins Natalia, Dadana Sriharsha, Dadras Omid, Dahiru Tukur, Dai Xiaochen, Dashtkoohi Mohadese, DeAngelo Sean, Debopadhaya Shayom, Demessa Berecha Hundessa, Desai Hardik Dineshbhai, Dhulipala Vishal R, Diaz Michael J, Diress Mengistie, Do Thanh Chi, Do Thao Huynh Phuong, Doan Khanh Duy, dos Santos Wendel Mombaque, Doshi Rajkumar Prakashbhai, Dowou Robert Kokou, Dziedzic Arkadiusz Marian, Elhadi Muhammed, Etaee Farshid, Fabin Natalia, Fagbamigbe Adeniyi Francis, Faris Pawan Sirwan, Feyisa Bikila Regassa, Fortuna Rodrigues Celia, Gandhi Aravind P, Ganiyani Mohammad Arfat, Gela Yibeltal Yismaw, Getie Molla, Ghaffari Jolfayi Amir, Ghasemzadeh Afsaneh, Goldust Mohamad, Golechha Mahaveer, Guan Shi-Yang, Gudeta Mesay Dechasa, Gupta Mohak, Gupta Rahul, Hadei Mostafa, Hammoud Ahmad, Hasnain Md Saquib, Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei Mahgol Sadat, Hay Simon I, Hegazi Omar E, Hemmati Mehdi, Hiraike Yuta, Hoan Nguyen Quoc, Hultström Michael, Huynh Hong-Han, Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel, Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen, Ismail Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iwu Chidozie Declan, Jaggi Khushleen, Jain Akhil, Jakovljevic Mihajlo, Jee Sun Ha, Jeswani Bijay Mukesh, Jha Anil K, Jokar Mohammad, Joseph Nitin, Jozwiak Jacek Jerzy, Kabir Hannaneh, Kahe Farima, Kamireddy Arun, Kanmanthareddy Arun R, Karimi Hanie, Karimi Behnagh Arman, Kazemian Sina, Keshavarz Pedram, Khalaji Amirmohammad, Khan Mohammad Jobair, Khidri Feriha Fatima, Kim Min Seo, Kondlahalli Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah, Kothari Nikhil, Krishan Kewal, Kulimbet Mukhtar, Kumar Ashish, Latifinaibin Kaveh, Le Thao Thi Thu, Ledda Caterina, Lee Seung Won, Li Ming-Chieh, Lim Stephen S, Liu Shuke, Mahmoudi Elham, Makram Omar M, Malhotra Kashish, Malik Ahmad Azam, Malta Deborah Carvalho, Manla Yosef, Martorell Miquel, Mehrabani-Zeinabad Kamran, Merati Mohsen, Mestrovic Tomislav, Mirdamadi Niloofar, Misra Arup Kumar, Mokdad Ali H, Moni Mohammad Ali, Moodi Ghalibaf AmirAli, Moraga Paula, Morovatdar Negar, Motappa Rohith, Mousavi-Aghdas Seyed Ali, Mustafa Ahmad, Naik Ganesh R, Najafi Mohammad Sadeq, Najdaghi Soroush, Nanavaty Dhairya P, Narimani Davani Delaram, Natto Zuhair S, Nauman Javaid, Nguyen Dang H, Nguyen Phat Tuan, Niazi Robina Khan, Oancea Bogdan, Olanipekun Titilope O, Oliveira Gláucia Maria Moraes, Omar Hany A, P A Mahesh Padukudru, Pan Feng, Pandi-Perumal Seithikurippu R, Pantazopoulos Ioannis, Parikh Romil R, Petcu Ionela-Roxana, Pham Hoang Nhat, Pham Hoang Tran, Philip Anil K, Prates Elton Junio Sady, Puvvula Jagadeesh, Qian Gangzhen, Rafferty Quinn, Rahim Fakher, Rahimi Mehran, Rahman Mosiur, Rahman Muhammad Aziz, Rahmanian Mohammad, Rahmanian Nazanin, Rahmati Masoud, Rahmati Rahem, Ramadan Mahmoud Mohammed, Ramphul Kamleshun, Rana Juwel, Rao Indu Ramachandra, Rashedi Sina, Ravikumar Nakul, Rawaf Salman, Ray Ayita, Reddy Murali Mohan Rama Krishna, Redwan Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Rezaei Negar, Roy Priyanka, Saad Aly M A, Saddik Basema Ahmad, Sadeghi Masoumeh, Saeb Mohammad Reza, Saheb Sharif-Askari Fatemeh, Saheb Sharif-Askari Narjes, Saleh Mohamed A, Sani Najib Yahaya, Saraswati Ushasi, Saravanan Aswini, Saulam Jennifer, Schuermans Art, Schumacher Austin E, Semagn Birhan Ewunu, Sethi Yashendra, Seylani Allen, Shafeghat Melika, Shahwan Moyad Jamal, Shamim Muhammad Aaqib, Shamsi Anas, Sharfaei Sadaf, Sharma Kamal, Sharma Nitish, Sherif Akil Adrian, Shiue Ivy, Shorofi Seyed Afshin, Siddig Emmanuel Edwar, Singh Harpreet, Singh Jasvinder A, Singh Paramdeep, Singh Surjit, Sobia Farrukh, Solanki Ranjan, Solanki Shipra, Spartalis Michael, Swain Chandan Kumar, Szarpak Lukasz, Tabatabaei Seyyed Mohammad, Tabche Celine, Tamuzi Jacques Lukenze, Tan Ker-Kan, Teramoto Masayuki, Tharwat Samar, Thienemann Friedrich, Truyen Thien Tan Tri Tai, Tsegay Guesh Mebrahtom, Udoakang Aniefiok John, Van den Eynde Jef, Varthya Shoban Babu, Verma Madhur, Vervoort Dominique, Vinayak Manish, Viskadourou Maria, Wang Fang, Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana, Wilandika Angga, Xu Suowen, Yu Chuanhua, Zare Iman, Zeineddine Mohammad A, Zhang Zhi-Jiang, Zhu Lei, Zhumagaliuly Abzal, Zielińska Magdalena, Zyoud Samer H, Murray Christopher J L, Roth Gregory A
Primary Institution: University of Washington
Hypothesis
What is the global burden of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) from 1990 to 2021?
Conclusion
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a rare but fatal disease that affects a significant number of people worldwide, with a notable prevalence among females and older adults.
Supporting Evidence
- In 2021, there were an estimated 192,000 prevalent cases of PAH globally.
- Of these, 119,000 were in females (62%) and 73,100 in males (38%).
- The age-standardised prevalence was 2.28 cases per 100,000 population.
- In 2021, there were 22,000 deaths attributed to PAH globally.
- The burden of disease appears to be improving over time with a 38.2% improvement in age-standardised years of life lost since 1990.
Takeaway
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a serious disease that affects many people, especially older women, and it can lead to death.
Methodology
The study used epidemiological and vital registry data to estimate the burden of PAH in 204 countries from 1990 to 2021.
Potential Biases
Potential misclassification of PAH and regional differences in disease attribution could bias estimates.
Limitations
Data sparsity in many regions and evolving disease definitions may impact the accuracy of estimates.
Participant Demographics
The study found that 62% of prevalent cases were female and 38% were male, with the highest prevalence in individuals aged 75-79 years.
Statistical Information
Confidence Interval
95% UI 155,000–236,000
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
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